Comparison between nicotine and nicotine salts

Nicotine, commonly known as nicotine, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H14N2. It is an alkaloid found in plants of the Solanaceae family (Solanaceae genus) and an important component of tobacco. It is also a representative of N-cholinergic receptor agonists and has no clinical application value as it has effects on both N1 and N2 receptors and the central nervous system.
Nicotine can make people addicted or dependent, and repeated use of nicotine can also increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and reduce appetite. High doses of nicotine can cause vomiting and nausea, and in severe cases, people can die. Tobacco usually contains nicotine.
The chemical formula of nicotine and nicotine salts
Nicotine salts are composed of nicotine and weak acids, which naturally exist in tobacco leaves. Benzoic acid is the most commonly used acid in the production of nicotine salts; Nicotine pyruvate is another form of nicotine salt (used to atomize nicotine through chemical reactions with pyruvate).
A nicotine solution containing weak acids and free bases can lower the pH value, providing higher levels of nicotine without irritating the throat. Nicotine salts are believed to increase the level and rate of nicotine delivery to users.
Through the atomization of electronic cigarettes, the speed at which nicotine salts enter the human body is similar to the speed at which nicotine is absorbed from traditional cigarettes. Traditional cigarettes provide high levels of nicotine, but their taste is poor. However, electronic smoking products can provide high levels of nicotine without bringing negative smoking experiences. Nicotine salts have less irritation and bitterness, therefore, electronic liquids containing nicotine salts can be accepted even at high concentrations. Nebulized nicotine salts do not cause irritation to the chest and lungs like regular cigarettes. And protonated nicotine salts are more suitable for beginners in tobacco to inhale.
The advantages and disadvantages of nicotine and nicotine salts
The greatest significance of nicotine salts lies in solving the problem of the efficiency of nicotine transport in the bloodstream. Ordinary "free nicotine" e-liquid is not ideal in attempting to increase the blood nicotine input of e-cigarette devices, making it difficult for e-cigarette users to achieve the same level of satisfaction as smoking. Moreover, excessive nicotine levels only cause excessive irritation to the throat, effectively reaching only a small fraction of the blood that truly needs nicotine within a short period of time. The high content of nicotine e-liquid can cause excessive irritation to the throat and also reduce the user experience of e-cigarettes. Nicotine salts have stronger penetration than free nicotine alkaloids, increasing the level of nicotine that can penetrate the bloodstream within the same amount of time. Therefore, they can provide a solution that can be absorbed by the bloodstream similar to real tobacco nicotine, without excessively stimulating the throat.