The benefits of Vape outweigh the hazards
Oct 09, 2023
Tobacco use causes over 8 million deaths annually, and global healthcare costs reach billions of dollars (World Health Organization, 2019). Smoking addiction explains why smoking persists into adulthood, with independent attempts to quit smoking failing (96% by Hughes et al., 2004). Treatment, medication, and behavioral support can increase the success rate several times (Sterd et al., 2016). Countries that provide such treatment (such as the UK) advertise it to the public, and clinical doctors will refer to such services. Nevertheless, even before large enterprises enter the e-cigarette industry and promote their products, the use of e-cigarettes masks the use of known effective and safe choices. It is this ability that provides an attractive alternative to smoking, thereby creating potential for e-cigarettes to improve public health.
When cigarettes were first found to be harmful, most adults had been smoking for many years, and epidemiology can estimate this risk. In a world where almost everyone who uses e-cigarettes smokes or currently smokes and those who use e-cigarettes have been smoking for less than 10 years, epidemiology will not be able to assess long-term risks. Here, we believe that through appropriate toxicological studies and recent epidemiological data, it is possible to conclude that even if the exact risk remains uncertain, the risk of e-cigarettes is much lower than that of smoking. Given the evidence that e-cigarettes promote the transition from smoking to non-smoking, we believe that the benefits outweigh the hazards.
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Compared to smoking, the harm of atomization is relatively small
There is ample evidence to suggest that smoking can cause significant harm to smokers and bystanders. Among smokers, smoking increases the risk of heart disease and stroke by 2-4 times, respiratory diseases by 12-13 times, and lung cancer by 25 times (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). The inevitable result of doing so is that even among people who have been smoking for more than 40 years, quitting smoking can reduce the risk of serious diseases and disease progression (Critchley&Capewell, 2003).
There are now many toxicological studies on the effects of e-cigarettes. A common solution is to apply e-liquid (a liquid used to fill e-cigarettes) to cell culture and incubation, identify abnormalities, and then publish papers and press releases claiming that e-cigarettes are toxic. A systematic evaluation concluded that although most in vitro studies have shown that e-cigarettes are toxic, they are more comparable to using cigarettes or solutions (Wang toxicity is lower, etc. 2019) - a comparison of most vapers. Their most important overall conclusion is that there is an urgent need to develop standards in this field to define the dosage of electronic liquid components used and the relevant cell cultures used, in order to develop research paradigms that mimic repeated but intermittent exposure related to human smoking. Even conducting in vivo research on electronic cigarettes in laboratory research can be misleading. A study raised concerns about toxic aldehydes, including formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde, with higher concentrations from vaping compared to smoking (Johnson et al., 2015). However, a replication study involving human vapers showed that this concentration only occurs under "dry powder puff" conditions, where overheated electronic liquids produce unpleasant odors that all vapers recognize and avoid. Under tolerable vaping conditions, the concentration of aldehydes is low (Farsalinos et al., 2015b, 2017).
Tobacco cigarette smoke contains thousands of toxic chemicals, many of which are carcinogenic and exist in tobacco or originate from its combustion. On the contrary, e-cigarettes do not contain tobacco and do not involve combustion, so many toxins present in cigarette smoke do not exist or occur at very low concentrations in e-cigarette smoke (Goniewicz et al., 2014; Hayek et al., 2014). Exposure studies on biomarkers have found that compared to smokers, long-term smokers significantly reduce their exposure to tobacco specific nitrosamines, especially the metabolites of the lung carcinogen 4- (methylnitrosamine) -1- (3-pyridyl). 1-Butanone (NNK) (Meteor et al., 2017). Electronic liquids contain nicotine of varying intensities; Despite concerns about its potential addiction, nicotine itself has not made a significant contribution to smoking related diseases (Benowitz, 1997). It has been widely accepted and effectively replaced smoking in the form of nicotine replacement therapy.
The toxins released from seasoning electronic liquids, including diacetyl and acetylpropionyl, have also attracted more attention. These compounds are associated with occlusive bronchiolitis, but due to the use of electronic cigarettes, there have been no reports, and their concentrations are hundreds of times lower than those observed in tobacco smoke (Farsalinos et al., 2015a). Given that large amounts of inhalation may cause respiratory diseases, the heavy metals in electronic smoke aerosols have also raised alarms. However, the levels detected in electronic smoke aerosols were once again significantly lower than those in cigarette smoke (Farsalinos and Rodu, 2018). With the improvement of e-cigarette technology, emissions may decrease (Royal College of Medicine, 2016).
Limited clinical data shows that after stopping smoking for up to 2 years, people are not worried about smoking (Hartmann Boyce et al., 2016). The most common adverse reactions are pharyngeal or oral inflammation and dry cough (Hayek et al., 2014), to show a significant decrease in the incidence of cough among smokers who have switched to e-cigarettes over a period of 1 year. Recent experimental evidence is applicable to patients using nicotine replacement therapy (Hajek et al., 2019). After continuously transitioning from smoking to using e-cigarettes, people with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease typically exhibit improvements in respiratory health rather than deterioration (Polosa et al., 2016, 2018). A recent experiment found that smokers who switched to e-cigarettes for one month showed significant improvements in vascular endothelial function, arteriosclerosis, and systolic blood pressure compared to continuous smoking (George et al., 2019).
The main cause of severe lung injury in the United States is the recent outbreak of vaping vitamin E acetate among young people, which has been clearly associated with the use of illegal cannabis vaping products (Bronte et al. 2019; Hanett et al. 2020). Smoking is not related to stopping or reducing smoking.
Electronic cigarettes are a useful tool to help people quit smoking
Randomized controlled trials have shown that e-cigarettes support smokers in quitting smoking, which is expected from their ability to provide nicotine, resulting in a doubling of long-term smoking cessation rates (Hartmann Boyce et al., 2016). A recent randomized controlled trial involving nearly 900 participants found that compared to behavioral support, e-cigarettes were almost twice as effective in helping smokers quit smoking during a one-year follow-up period as nicotine replacement therapy (Hajek et al., 2019).
Despite the rapid popularity of e-cigarettes in the UK and the United States, smoking rates have decreased (Wang et al., 2018; National Bureau of Statistics, 2019). In the UK, data from time series analysis found that an increase in the use of e-cigarettes by smokers in England is positively correlated with an overall increase in smoking cessation rates and success rates (Beard et al., 2020). These findings are supported by the US Demographic Survey, indicating a significant increase in smoking cessation rates among e-cigarette users (Zhu et al., 2017). Although these data are observational and cannot show causal relationships, they do add evidence that e-cigarettes have not disrupted the decline in smoking rates. Although smoking rates and experimental volumes have increased in both the UK and the US, there is no evidence to suggest that the use of e-cigarettes can slow down the decline in smoking rates among young people (Bauld et al., 2017). In fact, since the popularity of e-cigarettes, the smoking rate among American teenagers has decreased even faster (Jamal et al., 2017). Non smokers who smoke do indeed expose themselves to avoidable health risks, but in the UK, less than 1% of non smokers become regular smokers (Smoking and Health Action, 2019).
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Conclusion
Electronic cigarettes can help people quit smoking, and some smokers can continue to smoke for a long time, but the harm they suffer may be much smaller than the harm caused by smoking. Encouraging caution may seem natural, but Sweden has shown the danger of excessive fanaticism in "cautious" regulation. After Sweden joined the European Union, men generally used snus (a type of oral cigarette bag containing nicotine). The European Union prohibits the use of snuff anywhere, but exempts Sweden. In Sweden, oral tobacco usage is high (20%), but the daily cigarette usage rate in Sweden is the lowest in the EU (5% compared to 24% in the EU) (European Commission, 2017). In Europe, Swedish men have the lowest rates of tobacco related mortality and lung cancer (Ramstr ö m&Wikmans, 2014), while the posture used for snuff poses only a small risk of smoking (Gartner et al., 2007). This example highlights the risk of reducing excessive regulation of hazardous products, which seems to break the stubborn influence of smoking on many people and greatly reduce avoidable incidence rate and mortality.






